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- The Use of Tax Havens
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- Tax havens are one of the most important subjects
- for an international entrepreneur, yet few understand
- and use them properly. One group discount them as
- hiding holes for dirty money, which is not a legitimate
- use for tax havens. Others think they are only for
- banking money after you have made it. Not true either.
- Money grows much faster if a tax haven is part of your
- business planning, and almost any international
- business has an opportunity to use tax havens. It is
- the purely domestic business, confined to one country,
- that cannot benefit from the international fiscal
- loopholes. Switzerland is a major financial center,
- but not generally a tax haven.
- Simply stated, a tax haven is any country whose
- laws, regulations, traditions, and, in some cases,
- treaty arrangements make it possible for one to reduce
- his overall tax burden. This general definition,
- however, covers many types of tax havens, and it is
- important that you understand their differences.
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- No-Tax Havens. These are countries that have no
- income, capital gains, or wealth (capital) taxes, and
- in which you can incorporate and/or form a trust. The
- governments of these countries do earn some revenue
- from corporations; "no-tax" means that what you pay is
- independent of income derived through a company. These
- states may impose small fees on documents of
- incorporation, a small charge on the value of corporate
- shares, annual registration fees, etc. Primary
- examples are Bermuda, Bahamas, and the Cayman Islands.
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- No-Tax-on-Foreign-Income Havens. These countries do
- impose income taxes, both on individuals and
- corporations, but only on locally derived income. They
- exempt from tax any income earned from foreign sources
- that involve no local business activities apart from
- simple "housekeeping" matters. For example, in such a
- haven there is often no tax on income derived from
- export of local manufactured goods.
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- The no-tax-on-foreign-income havens break down into two
- groups. There are those that allow a corporation to do
- business both internally and externally, taxing only
- the income coming from internal sources, and those that
- require a company to decide at the time of
- incorporation whether it will be one allowed to do
- local business, with the consequent tax liabilities, or
- one permitted to do only foreign business and thus be
- exempt from taxation. Primary examples in these two
- sub-categories are Panama, Liberia, Jersey, Guernsey,
- Isle of Man and Gibraltar.
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- Low-Tax Havens. These are countries that impose some
- taxes on all corporate income, wherever earned.
- However, most have double-taxation agreements many the
- high-tax countries that may reduce the withholding tax
- imposed on income derived from the high-tax countries
- by local corporations. Cyprus is a primary example.
- The British Virgin Islands is another, but no longer
- has a tax treaty with the U.S.
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- Special Tax Havens. These are countries that impose
- all or most of the usual taxes, but either allow
- special concessions to special types of companies (such
- as a total exemption from tax on shipping companies,
- or movie production companies) or allow very special
- types of corporate organization, such as the very
- flexible corporate arrangements offered by
- Liechtenstein. The Netherlands and Austria are
- particularly good examples of this.
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- To understand the precise role of tax havens, it is
- important for you to distinguish two basic sorts of
- income: (1) return on labor and (2) return on capital.
- The first kind of return is what you get from your
- work: salary, wages, fees for professional services,
- and the like. The second kind of return relates,
- basically, to the return from your investments:
- dividends on shares of stock; interest on bank
- deposits, loans and bonds; rental income; royalties on
- patents. It is the second kind of income, income from
- an investment portfolio, that tax havens are useful
- for. Forming a corporation or trust in a tax haven can
- make the second form of income totally tax free, or
- taxed so low that you will hardly notice. Certain types
- of businesses can be effectively based in a tax haven.
- If you publish a newsletter, for example, you might be
- able to set up the entire operation in a totally tax
- free country such as the Bahamas or the Cayman Islands.
- If your income comes from copyright royalties, perhaps
- on the computer program you invented, the Netherlands
- is famed as a base for sheltering royalty income.
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- Tax havens are a very complex subject, but the
- hours you spend studying their use will probably pay
- you more per hour than the hours you spend directly
- earning an income -- an unfortunate commentary on the
- confiscatory taxation policies of most governments.
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- For the best detailed information on tax havens,
- order The Tax Haven Report from Scope International
- Ltd., 62 Murray Road, Waterlooville, Hants., PO8 9JL,
- United Kingdom. Price is approximately US$135,
- including airmail postage worldwide, and they accept
- Visa or MasterCard.
-
- Just stop and think for a moment how much faster
- your money can grow if you are not paying out an
- average of 40% to a taxing government somewhere.
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